Strong Pain Relief – Found in Nature? Really?
The recent removal of several high profile and popular prescription pain medications of the same pharmaceutical family, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, from the buyer’s market has left many people searching for a safer alternative for powerful, fast and effective pain relief. The most recent removal was Pfizer’s pulling of Bextra, citing serious skin reactions, sometimes fatal, and two others, Vioxx and Celebrex have been linked to heart related risks.
The dangerous side effects of this particular family of medications is definitely cause for alarm, and has many seeking alternatives that will manage their pain effectively, without the serious risks of several pharmaceutical pain killers.
While there have always been natural and homeopathic pain relief remedies, there has never really been a powerful and viable alternative for people with chronic pain related to ailments ranging from back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia, to rheumatism and hundreds of other joint, mucle, and nerve related ailments.
These individuals are in need of serious pain reduction therapy on an ongoing basis, and the typical natural remedy simply cannot compare to the speed and effectiveness of prescription pain medications and narcotic drugs, which suppresses pain by targeting the central nervous system. That is, until now.
Before we get into that, let’s look at some of the more widely known natural and herbal remedies for pain relief. These include varying dosages and combinations of “Devil’s Claw”, Willow Bark, the ayurvedic compound Boswellia, Camomile, Bromelain, St. John’s Wort, Horsetail, and numerous others too abundant to mention.
As previously mentioned, these herbs and natural compounds can soothe minor pains and aches, but do not work as effectively as their man-made prescription couterparts. There is now a natural pain remedy on the market that is actually highly effective, and has worked very well for many as a natural pain relief alternative by utilizing a specific blend of several high-grade botanicals designed to aggressively manage pain throughout the day.
These people not only are enjoying the benefits of it’s natural pain relief, but also, and perhaps even more importantly, they are enjoying the peace of mind knowing that they are not seriously endangering their health in other ways simply so they can manage their pain.
No one want to be incapacitated and limited by pain, but who wants to endanger their health just to manage it and live a fulfilling life, and why should you have to? Well, now these people have a natural pain relief solution that has literally been harvested from the land, unaltered, and in it’s purest state. Now, doesn’t that sound healthy?
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February 22, 2012
“Doctor, the pain in the left side of my jaw is killing me!”, the father of two complained.
The dentist nodded reluctantly and said, “You’ve most likely got TMJ, it’s a stress related condition affecting the jaw area, here’s what I recommend you do…”.
What Did The Dentist Say Next?
This dentist wasn’t like most other dentists, who will tell their patients to fork out their money and buy an expensive mouth guard to wear at night. He suggested something a little less well known and a lot more effective.
TMJ Jaw Exercises.
He said the exercises will strengthen and stretch certain muscles in your body which will relieve stress on the muscles that are causing your jaw pain. They will only take about 10 – 15 minutes to do, but they will have to be done daily for about 2 – 3 weeks.
The Results:
After getting this advice, the father took got a list of specialised exercises and went home and started straight away. He thought they would be a lot more complicated than they were and the massages felt great and started some of the pain disappeared instantly.
He was so happy he let out an excited yelp and accidentally opened his mouth too wide. A bit too early for that he thought. Doing the exercises every day turned out to be a breeze and it was barely a week later when he called his dentist and told him the pain in the left side of his jaw had completely disappeared.
Rock Climbing Wall Changwon
February 19, 2012
There is a saying among some orthopedic surgeons to their patients that the surgery was the easy part it’s the rehabilitation that is the hard part. Never have truer words been said. After either a knee, hip, or shoulder has been replaced keeping the pain and swelling to manageable levels is no doubt an art.
In physical therapy there are several hard and fast rules we tend to follow when preparing patients for rehabilitation. The use of heat and cold therapies are usually brought up somewhere in the overall discussion. Generally its recommended that a patient will use heat on the surrounding tissue before exercise and ice or other type of cold therapy after the exercises. Now there are multiple ideas behind this theory with most prominent being, heat will relax the muscles around the joint making them more pliable and easier to stretch and cold will help reduce the swelling after the treatment and also reduce pain.
Heat and cold therapies have been around since the beginning of man and still promoted today. When I treat a patient which is in the home setting for instance, the joint that was replaced will not be quite as acute as it was in the hospital Therefore, one or both of these therapies may be discontinued by the patient but that is something I do not recommend. Before I get to the home I will recommend to the patient that a heating pad is placed around the surrounding joint not directly on it and also the proper toweling is to be used to prevent burning the soft tissue around the incision. this is usually applied 20-30 minutes before therapy is started. If its a knee replacement for instance the patient is asked to also elevate the affected limb while getting the heat although this is not completely necessary.
The idea is by using the heat I can start by developing further range of motion in the knee or hip while the muscles are relaxed and easily manipulated. this can also of course be done by family members or yourself once properly trained to do so.
After the treatment or your exercise session is completed, this is the time to immediately apply a cold pack to the the affected area for 20-30 minutes to help reduce the swelling and pain that was initiated after having the joint exercised. Also if its a knee replacement its advised to elevate the limb higher then your heart to help with the reduction of swelling. Again as with heat, do not place the cold pack directly on the skin, the pain during a joint replacement is hard enough to handle at times without having to deal with frostbite as well. Unlike heat you can place the cold pack over toweling directly on the knee or hip. The cold therapy will not promote further bleeding and swelling like heat will if placed directly over the joint.
Every individual has different tolerances to pain and swelling. You will meet people for instance that never used heat during their therapy and, will from time to time meet some patients who did not use cold therapy as well. I find that you can skip these modalities after a hip replacement if you choose, however, it is advised not to skip the cold therapy after a knee replacement as they seem to be more temperamental then the hip. Pain and swelling is more prominent in the knee then in the hip.
Using heat and ice have their place in rehabilitation and can make your rehab experience tolerable.
Always check with your doctor or therapist if you have any questions regarding times or application of the above as there are many ways to use heat and ice with physical therapy and still be effective.
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February 17, 2012
Removing love handles is a difficult thing to do because our waist area is a body part which tends to accumulate a great deal of fat.
Here are a few excellent exercises to remove your love handles once and for all:
1. Abdominal bicycles — Lie down on your back with your hands lightly holding the sides of your head and your knees bent with your feet slightly above the floor. Now bring your right elbow and left knee together while extending your right leg straight out and keeping it in the air. Now switch sides again and again, simulating a cycling movement. This exercise is great for the abs and obliques and therefore is a great workout to remove love handles.
2. Waist curls — This exercise specifically targets the love handle area. You stand with your legs slightly apart. Now, turn your upper body to one side without moving your legs or swaying your hips so that you’re facing one side. Then turn your torso to the other side. Each turn works that side of your body. Be careful to do this movement slowly so as not to hurt your back.
3. Diagonal reverse crunches — You lie on your back with both hands palm down by your hips and your knees bent at a 90 degrees angle. Curl your knees towards one side of your body by crunching your abdominal muscles. Then switch to the other side. The reverse diagonal crunch works the obliques and contributes to the removal of your love handles.
I hope that you’ll do these 3 exercises and start to remove your love handles. Overall, abs exercises in general are good for your love handles. These 3 exercises are just a little more focused.
Click here for over 30 fitness tips to Lose Love Handles Fast
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February 13, 2012
Visceral fat surrounds your internal organs, mostly in the stomach region, and is the reason so many people have big bellies. This is the really dangerous fat, directly linked to diabetes, heart attack, high blood pressure, stroke and some cancers. It is full of hormones and toxins, which, when released, go directly to the liver or into the bloodstream. The more visceral fat your body carries, the more likely you are to develop any of the above diseases or conditions, all of which can incapacitate or kill you.
The good news is that although visceral fat is the easiest fat to put on, it’s also the easiest to take off. Many studies have shown that while losing weight may stop the growth of visceral fat or minimally reduce it, exercise is what really burns it off. A brisk 30-minute walk, six times a week will stave off increases in visceral fat and test subjects who performed intensive aerobic exercise 5 – 6 times per week were able to lose several pounds of visceral fat over a period of six months.
Dieting alone won’t rid your body of visceral fat; it must be burned off through exercise, and in order to keep it off, you must make adequate aerobic exercise a part of your daily life. People who lead sedentary lives have more visceral fat than those who are even moderately active. Weight loss diets unaccompanied by sufficient aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise may cause you to lose weight, but most of the loss is from lean muscle tissue and not from stored fat.
Your body hoards and protects its fat stores like a dragon does the treasure in its cave, and adds to its collection as much as it can. It’s up to you to convince your body that your lean muscle tissue is too precious to sacrifice, so that it will resort to burning fat for its fuel. This can be done only by “showcasing” your muscles by exercising each muscle group in order to bring them to the attention of your body. Brisk walking, swimming, cycling, cardiovascular aerobics and anaerobic exercises such as resistance weight training and Pilates will do this for you by raising your metabolism so that you burn calories and fat more rapidly without losing nearly as much lean muscle. Preserving your lean muscle tissue through exercise also makes you stronger and takes inches off your body through the combination of fat loss and muscle tightening and toning.
Your entire body benefits from the loss of visceral fat. Losing visceral fat decreases your resistance to insulin, which can prevent Type II Diabetes, or if you are already diabetic, increase the efficiency of the insulin your body produces, making it easier to control your blood glucose levels. Your body won’t have to deal with the toxins that visceral fat releases into your system; if you are hypertensive, your blood pressure may be easier to control, decreasing your risk for heart attack and stroke. With less weight to carry, your stamina is increased and even small tasks that once tired you out are easier to accomplish. The more visceral fat you lose, the flatter your stomach becomes, resulting in the ability to wear smaller clothing sizes and have a trimmer figure.
Everyone needs to avoid putting on visceral fat. Diet is an important part of losing fat, but sufficient exercise guarantees visceral fat loss, and may save your life!
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February 11, 2012
Is this you? Experiencing severe pain all over your body. You feel exhausted all of the time. You have gone through numerous tests and your doctor cannot find anything wrong with you. If you can relate to these statements, you may have a condition called Fibromyalgia. And, if this is so, you are probably on the look out for Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain.
You are not alone. Over ten million people in the United States alone have reported symptoms of Fibromyalgia. So, if you are one of the many sufferers of this painful condition, it is important to know that Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain does exist. And, if you suffer from Fibromyalgia pain, your doctor or better yet a pain specialist can prescribe treatment for any level of pain including severe pain.
Medication as Fibromyalgia Pain Treatment for Severe Pain
Generally you will need to undergo a physical examination to determine if you qualify as a Fibromyalgia patient with positive findings of 11 of 18 tender points based on a digital examination. However as a second opinion, Dr. R. Paul St. Amand, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Harbor, at UCLA states that this useful concept is artificial. He further states: “We easily find more widely distributed areas of swelling, spasm, and tenderness scattered all over the body.”
Most doctors will prescribe some type and level of pain medication for Fibromyalgia pain treatment. Some of these medications include:
· Muscle Relaxants. Medication, such as Flexeril, taken at bedtime has been proven to be a successful Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain. This kind of medication treats muscle pain and spasms.
· Antidepressants. Doctors may prescribe antidepressant medications, like Prozac or Paxil, as Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain, as well. These medications for example have been effective at helping sufferers sleep through the night and rest is a key ingredient if you are diagnosed as Fibromyalgia pain.
· Anti-epileptics. Typically, anti-epileptics are prescribed to treat epilepsy, however, these drugs have proven effective as Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain conditions.
Treatment for relief of pain can extend to (Tylenol, Advil, Darvocet-N); antidepressants; injection of local anesthetic with or without steroids into the tender points and trigger points; exercise stretch and intermittent cold therapy. Dr. St. Amand also recommends the use of Guaifenesin, which is available in a 600 mg. tablets, and reducing intake of aspirin and reduce the use of all salicylic acid products to zero.
One of the best non-drug products on the market is Tramaden, taken orally, this is a clinically proven pain medication that can be used to provide speedy relief to aching, painful joints and muscles associated with severe Fibromyalgia pain. Tramaden contains FDA complaint non-prescriptive ingredients including the highly powerful Celadrin and Bromelain for faster pain relief when reducing inflammation of muscle and tissue.
Topical Treatments for Fibromyalgia pain relief
A number of topical, non-oral, non-narcotic pain relief creams have proven very effective for the relief of Fibromyalgia. Menastil is one product originally produced for the topical treatment of Endometriosis and severe Menstrual cramps that has proven effective for Fibromyalgia pain due to Calendula Oil, which penetrates the epidermal and delivers it’s pain relief ingredients to the source of pain. The other is CorProfen, which once again has a penetrating agent to deliver its pain relief agent to your source of Fibromyalgia pain.
For more information about Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain, check out The Fibromyalgia Network’s website. This site can help answer many of your questions concerning Fibromyalgia pain treatment for severe pain.
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February 6, 2012
Hiatal hernia is not as widespread as inguinal hernia which is the most encountered form but it is the second most common type of hernia so you should know what it is and how it manifests in order to know if you are suffering from it and what to do in this case.
Most hernias occur in the abdominal area. Hiatal hernia appears in the upper parts of the abdomen, at the diaphragm. A simple definition of hernia is that it is a disease that appears when a certain part of the body loses its resistance, because it gets old in most cases, and another part of the body that is in contact with the first one slips through a small hole that appears in the first part. Depending on the body parts involved in this hernia can be divided into more types.
Hiatal hernia involves the diaphragm, which is the first ‘organ’ from the situation above, the one that gets weakened, and the stomach, its upper side in most cases is the second one. The stomach is supposed to stay under the diaphragm (the muscular membrane that separates the abdomen from the lungs), but the diaphragm has a small hole in it through which the esophagus passes. The area around the hole weakens and a part of the stomach passes through it and slides inside the chest cavity. There are two forms of hiatal hernia, sliding hiatal hernia, when the stomach slides through the opening in the diaphragm between the stomach and esophagus as mentioned above, which is the most common form, and rolling hiatal hernia, less encountered, when the stomach slides along the esophagus not between it and the stomach.
Unlike other forms of hernia you can’t feel the bulge that appears because the stomach slides inside the body, so in order to detect it you need to pay close attention if any of its symptoms show up, which is not that easy because in most cases it shows no easy-to-see symptoms! It usually causes heartburn, a warm feeling in the chest, because of the acid in the stomach that re-fluxes backwards in the esophagus. Most people feel symptoms after eating and lying down, they start feeling bad, especially if they eat hot spicy foods.
If you experience any of the mentioned above try paying a visit to your doctor and ask for a control. These symptoms also appear because of indigestion so don’t get alarmed until you receive diagnostic. It’s important to detect hiatal hernia early because if it’s left untreated it may lead to severe complications that include heart-attack! So periodically visit your doc and pay attention to the symptoms to avoid complications, but don’t panic as soon as you get a little heartburn because there’s a long way from that to a heart-attack.
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February 1, 2012
Do you enjoy bowling, but your knee pain or instability are a growing concern for you?
Introduction : Bowling is great. Many of us would agree that being involved in the sport brings the game more to life. However, it is hard to stay involved if your knee pain or instability are getting the best of you. – This free article will discuss why bowlers turn to a knee brace when they play, and what many of said when they first try on their new knee support.
1.) Why Bowlers Turn To A Knee Brace
As you approach each shot on the lane, the last thing you want to be focusing on is the nagging knee pain or instability problem that you are suffering from. Rest, ice and elevation can really be of help, but these are methods you will use after you perform an activity and none of them are quite the same as a well designed knee brace.
The great thing about knee supports is that you can use them during an activity and many people often call their knee brace their “pain pill”. – Improved knee support, pain reduction and more knee protection are the main reasons why bowlers and other individuals state that they use knee braces on a regular basis.
2.) What People Say When They First Get A Knee Support
In a clinical setting, we asked many athletes, how their knee felt after they put on their new knee brace for the first time. The overwhelming response we get from people is that almost within the first few seconds they will state that their knee pain went down. Next they will usually say that the brace feels comfortable and now they feel much more stable, when they start to take a few steps. – The great thing about knee braces is that you do not just have to use the support for the activity of bowling. You can use it for multiple activities for support.
3.) Mental Support & No Regrets
The last points that we would like to make here are important for you to consider. Many people indicate that their confidence improves with the new knee support that they get because they do not have to worry so much about their knee pain or the joint giving out from underneath them. Also, it is a very good idea to support your knee now, in order to help avoid any knee issue from getting worse.
(*This is health information, not medical advice. Self diagnosis is not recommended and it is also important to speak with your doctor about medical advice.)
Villa Home
January 28, 2012
OBJECTIVES OF WRITING THIS ARTICLE: Forensic accounting(F.A.) has come into limelight due to rapid increase in financial frauds and white-collar crimes. But it is largely untrodden area in India.The integration of accounting, auditing and investigative skills creates the speciality know as F.A.The opportunities for the Forensic Accountants are growing fast;they are being engaged in public practice and are being employed by insurance companies, banks, police forces, government agencies etc.This article seeks to examine the meaning and nature, activities and services rendered, core knowledge and personal skills required for forensic accounting as a specialized field in accountancy profession. Indeed there is a future in F.A. as a separate niche consulting.
The lack of respect and belief in India’s law enforcement agencies and the rate at which white-collar crimes have increased has prompted the development of Forensic Accounting in India. The fraud detecting agencies seems to lack time and devotion needed for detecting and prevention of errors and fraud. According to a large global accounting firm, the market is sufficiently big enough to maintain an unit devoted entirely towards “forensic accounting”. Many large as well as small accounting firms as well as the tiny firms have inculcated or rather developed separate forensic accounting departments.
We were of the belief that detection and prevention of frauds or white-collar crimes is part of conventional accounting function. It was thought that the frauds, both internal as well as external has be to detected by the auditors through their periodic audit. Now it is crystal clear that auditors can only check for the compliance of a company’s books to generally accepted accounting principles, auditing standards and company policies. Hence the need was felt to detect the frauds in companies that are suspected to be engaged in fraudulent transactions. This field of accounting is known as “forensic accounting”.
The litmus test of investigation, first introduced by the ever great Sherlock-Homes(considered by many as the father of Forensic Accounting) is perhaps the first ever application of forensic accounting. Though, the contribution of the other few great historians to the field of forensic accounting cannot be overlooked. They used various tricks to investigate various crimes.
F.A. is a specialized a area of accounting practice that describes engagements which result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. The word “forensic” means “suitable for use in court”. The forensic accountants have to keep in mind this statement while they have to work or chalk out their programme. The F.A. work is tailor made according to the situation and need. The gathering of information and evidences is done according to the need and situation. We can say, it is customized according to the situation. The forensic-accountants give expert evidence at the ultimate trial. All the modern medium-sized as well as the large-sized accounting firms have specialized forensic accounting departments. Within these firms there may be specialized forensic accounting departments. Within these groups their may be further sub-specializations. Various sub-specializations include insurance claims, personal injury claims, fraud detection, construction or royalty audits. Nearly 40 percent of the top 100 US accounting firms are expanding their forensic and fraud services, according to Accounting Today. Now if we consider this data as significant then we can say that the total contribution of forensic accounting to the total revenue of the C.A. firms would be highly significant in the years to come. Under rising instances of frauds and litigation and flourishing businesses these services are considered to be very significant as they are rendered at a very competitive price.
The forensic accountants utilize the various information relating the business, utilizes financial reporting systems, various accounting and auditing standards and procedures, investigative techniques and litigation processes and procedure to perform their work. By acting as advisors to audit committees and assisting in investment analyst research, they are playing more “proactive” risk reduction roles.This is possible by designing and performing extended procedures as part of the statutory audit. The objectives of such an accounting include measurement of losses caused by an auditor due to his negligence, to look into the matter whether their has been any embezzlement of cash, the amount, necessity of criminal proceedings, computation of asset values in a divorced proceeding.
The primary approach technique of forensic accounting is explanatory analysis(cause and effect)of the phenomena-including the discovery of deception(if any), and its effects -introduced into an accounting system field. The primary methodology employed by the forensic accountants is the verification of the objective. They are trained to deal with real world business and do have the sufficient expertise to look beyond(behind) the numbers. The scope of the forensic accountants are growing at a rapid pace. The increase in their work opportunities have been accelerated due to the fall of the Enron corporation and the collapse of the American Twin Towers.
This has led to increase in the demand for American forensic accountants. So as far India is concerned, formation of Serious Fraud Investigation Office(SIFO) is a landmark creation so far as forensic accountants are concerned. Failure of regulators to track security scams, increasing cyber crimes, chain of cooperative banks bursting -all point to the ever increasing need for forensic accountants. Our understanding of the need for forensic accountants is immaterial here. In India due to the growing number of frauds the need for forensic accountants is ever increasing. The regulatory and administrative agencies will put pressure for greater demand of forensic practices. This has been initiated due to the changing nature of Indian and International accounting.Auditing and assurance standards also confirm this. A change in the curriculum can be initiated if the written exams and practical industrial training are boosted to show the “new knowledge base and skill-set” required by the professional accountants in the new era. It is therefore recommended that the “forensic accounting and auditing” be introduced as a paper in the various professional examinations conducted by the various accounting bodies in India. Unfortunately forensic accounting is largely an unexplored area as far as India is concerned. The chartered Accountants(CAs) deal with such cases in an irregular fashion. In the western counter-part(countries), the Lawyers, police, insurance companies, government and regulatory bodies, banks, courts and business communities are increasingly utilizing the services of the forensic accountants.The accountants and the auditors must have the skills and expertise to venture into the emerging field of forensic accounting.
What Is Forensic Accounting? The growing needs of corporations has changed the definition of forensic accounting. As per Bologna and Indquist, “the application of financial skills and an investigative mentality to unresolved issues, conducted within the context of rules of evidence.It is a new emerging field that encompasses financial expertise, fraud knowledge, and a sound knowledge and understanding of business reality and the working of the legal sytem.”It means that the forensic accounting should be skilled not only in financial accounting but also internal control systems, the legal matters, other institutional requirements, investigative blend of mind and interpersonal skills.
According to AICPA: “Forensic accounting is the application of accounting principles, theories, and discipline to facts or hypotheses at issues in a legal dispute and encompasses every branch of accounting knowledge: ‘ Similarly, forensic accounting is defined by Horty as:
“The science that deals with the relation and application of finance, accounting, tax and auditing knowledge to analyze, investigate, inquire, test and examine matters in civil law, criminal law and jurisprudence in an attempt to obtain the truth from which to render an expert opinion.”
In simple words, forensic accounting includes the use of accounting, auditing as well as investigative skills to assist in legal matters.It comprises of two major components: litigation services, that recognizes the role of an accountant as an expert consultant and investigative services, that uses a forensic accountant, s skills and may require possible court-room testimony.
Investigation of theft and defalcation of corporate and individual assets are part of legal matters.They use their education as well as experience to discuss the facts, patterns of the theft or misappropriation.Business accounting systems are reviewed by the forensic accountants.They suggest ways and means to solve and improve the internal control and internal accounting system.This is adopted to prevent theft and fraud. Because of their expert knowledge and educational background and experience their(forensic accountants) work is elevated to a new height.
Forensic accountants do not contest in cases.They act as fact finding devices, try trt to seek the real truth from the hidden facts.They conduct their work in an unbiased and objective manner.They need legal knowledge, expertise, training and experience to perform their work in an effective and real manner.Extensive knowledge in the field of commerce, legal, accounting as well an investigative blend of mind is needed to perform the work in a proper fashion.Expertise in litigation support and testimony in courts of law are also prerequisites of the forensic accountants.This is due to the fact that their work would many times be used in a court of law.The valuation of damages due to criminal and civil wrong-doings need to be done with perfection and for that reason knowledge of business valuation theory is the most essential.
What exactly do the Forensic Accountants perform? Answer: They are trained to deal with real life business situations and are trained to look beyond the numbers.
Analysis, interpretation and summarization of complex financial and business related issues are prominent characteristics of this accounting/auditing profession. Familiarity with legal concepts and procedures is a must.Insurance companies, public practice, banks, police forces and government agencies are major employers of forensic accountants.
The various field of work encompassing the arena of a forensic accountant can be stated in points format as follows:
1) Financial evidence investigation and analysis.
2) Development of computerized software to help in the analysis and presentation of financial evidence.
3) Sharing their findings in the form of reports, slide shows or exhibits and documents collected.
4) To support trial evidence they prepare visual slides, assist in legal proceedings, including testifying in courts as an expert witness.
If we want to say or rather point out the role performed by the forensic accountants in a nutshell, we can say as follows:
Measurement or to quantify the impact of lost earnings. Such as construction delays, stolen trade secrets, insurance disputes, damage/loss estimates, malpractice claims, employee theft, loss of profit, financial solvency reports, disturbance damages, loss of goodwill, compensation losses suffered in expropriation determination, assessment of the potential business compensation costs and providing consultation on business defalcation minimization. Lease default damages, breach of contract, business interruptions, breaches of shareholders and partnership agreements, reconstruction of accounting records,
Investigation of misappropriation, assistance in establishing ownership and division of assets, commercial damages, professional negligence cases, partnership disputes, expert evidence, fair value or fair market value and personal injury damages are included in commercial damages. Tax advocacy, compliance and review of financial statements, tax reporting and tax planning in such areas as income as estate matters are included in tax matters. Analysis, interpretation, summarization, presentation of complex financial and issues relating to the business for investigation is the role of a forensic accountant.
They carry out investigative accounting and provide litigation support.
The services rendered by the forensic accountants are in great demand in the following areas:
1) Fraud detection where employees commit Fraud:
Where the employee indulges in fraudulent activities:
Where the employees are caught to have committed fraud the forensic accountant tries to locate any assets created by them out of the funds defalcated, then try interrogate them and try to find out the hidden truth.
2)Criminal Investigation: Matters relating to financial implications the services of the forensic accountants are availed of. The report of the accountants are considered in preparing and presentation as evidence.
3) Outgoing Partner’s settlement:
If the outgoing partner is not happy about his settlement he can employ a forensic accountant who will correctly assess his dues(assets) as well as his liabilities correctly.
4)Cases relating to professional negligence:
Professional negligence cases are taken up by the forensic accountants.
Non-conformation to Generally Accepted Accounting Standards(GAAS) or non compliance to auditing practices or ethical codes of any profession they are needed to measure the loss due to such professional negligence or shortage in services.
5) Arbitration service: Forensic accountants render arbitration and mediation services for the business community, since they undergo special training in the area of alternative dispute resolution.
6) Facilitating settlement regarding motor vehicle accident: As the forensic accountant is well acquainted with intricacies of laws relating to motor vehicles, and other relevant laws in force, his services become indispensable in measuring economic loss when a vehicle meets with an accident.
7) Settlement of insurance claims: Insurance companies engage forensic accountants to have an accurate assessment of claims to be settled. Similarly, policyholders seek the help of a forensic accountant when they need to challenge the claim settlement as worked out by the insurance companies. A forensic accountant handles the claims relating to consequential loss policy, property loss due to various risks, fidelity insurance and other types of insurance claims.
Dispute settlement: Business firms engage forensic accountants to handle contract disputes, construction claims, product liability claims, infringement of patent and trade marks cases, liability arising from breach of contracts and so on.
9) Matrimonial dispute cases: Forensic accountants entertain cases pertaining to matrimonial disputes wherein their role is merely confined to tracing, locating and evaluating any form of asset involved.
Core Knowledge Of Forensic Accountants:
A forensic accountant is expected to be a specialist in accounting and financial systems. Yet, as companies continue to grow in size and complexity, uncovering fraud requires a forensic accountant to become proficient in an ever- increasing number of professional skills and competencies. Here are some of the broad areas of useful expertise for a forensic accountant:
” An in-depth knowledge of financial statements and the ability to critically analyse them. These skills help forensic accountants to uncover abnormal patterns in accounting information and recognise their source.
” A thorough understanding of fraud schemes, including but not limited to asset misappropriations, money laundering, bribery, and corruption.
” The ability to comprehend the internal control systems of corporations, and to set up a control system that assesses risks, achieves management objectives, informs employees of their control responsibilities, and monitors the quality of the programme so that corrections and changes can be made.
” Proficiency in computer and knowledge of network systems. These skills help forensic accountants to conduct investigations in the area of e-banking and computerised accounting systems.
” Knowledge of psychology in order to understand the impulses behind criminal behaviour and to set up fraud prevention programmes that motivate and encourage employees.
” Interpersonal and communication skills, which aid in disseminating information about the company’s ethical policies and help forensic accountants to conduct interviews and obtain crucially needed information.
” Thorough knowledge of company.s governance policies and the laws that regulate these policies.
” Command of criminal and civil law, as well as, of the legal system and court procedures.
Personal Skills Required:
So what does it take to become a forensic accountant? In addition to the specialised knowledge about the techniques of finding out the frauds, one needs patience and an analytical mindset. One has to look beyond the numbers and grasp the substance of the situation. There is a need for the same basic accounting skills that it takes to become a good auditor plus the ability to pay attention to the smallest detail, analyse data thoroughly, think creatively, possess common business sense, be proficient with a computer, and have excellent communication skills. A “sixth”sense that can be used to reconstruct details of past accounting transactions is also beneficial. A photographic memory helps when trying to visualise and reconstruct these past events. The forensic accountant also needs the ability to maintain his composure when detailing these events on the witness stand. Finally, a forensic accountant should be insensitive to personal attacks on his professional credibility. A fraud accountant (as forensic accountants are sometimes called) should also observe and listen carefully. By this, you can improve your ability to detect lies whether they involve fraud or not. This is so because”not all liars are fraudsters, but all fraudsters are liars”(Wells).
According to a forensic accounting expert, “the traits of a forensic accountant could be compared to a well-baked pizza. The base of forensic accounting is accounting knowledge. Size and the extent of baking decide the quality of the pizza. A middle layer is a dispersed knowledge of auditing, internal controls, risk assessment and fraud detection. It is like the spread of the cheese in pizza. The toppings of this pizza area basic understanding of the legal environment. The legal environment is essential in order to support the litigations. The cherry on the toppings of the pizza is a strong set of communication skills, both written and oral. It is just the beautification part. Perfect combination of the pizza base, cheese spread and good toppings makes the pizza delicious and the of company’s the laws that Forensic Auditor perfects. It is a combination that will be in demand for as long as human nature exists.”
In addition to these personal characteristics, accountants must meet several additional requirements to become successful forensic accountants, say a Certification, acknowledging his competence. One can learn forensic accounting by obtaining a diploma given by Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) in the US. Indian chapter of ACFE offers the course based on the white-collared crimes prevalent in US, based on their laws. However, there is no formal body that provides formal education of the frauds in India. Besides the formal certificate, one can deepen one’s knowledge and sharpen one’s skills in forensic accounting by undergoing training under an experienced forensic accountant, participating in various international conferences, reading relevant journals, books and other literature on forensic accounting.
To combat the frauds effectively one needs the active support of government at every stage. There are three-four such agencies in India, which are dedicated to the mission of combating frauds. Serious Fraud Office looks into violations of Income Tax, FEMA, RBI Act, etc.; CBI (Economic Office Wing) deals with big financial frauds; Central Vigilance Commission deals with corruption. These are the major government agencies that combat frauds of different types. Unfortunately, there is no specialised education provided by any of the Universities in the country. Recently, TCS has also come out with software to combat money laundering and Subex Systems have designed software to combat the telecom frauds. Thus, combating the frauds with software has started picking up in India, with few big companies like ACL and IDEA, joining the race.
The Need For Niche Consulting:
The CPA Vision Statement states: “The CPAs are trusted professionals who enable people and organisations to shape their future. Combining insight with integrity, CPAs deliver value by: (a) communicating the total picture with clarity and objectivity, (b) translating corn plex information into critical knowledge, (c) anticipating and creating opportunities, and (d) developing pathways that transform vision into reality1 It reflects the trend towards providing a broader range of assurance services. However, recent corporate accounting scandals and the resultant outcry for transparency and honesty in reporting have given rise to two disparate yet logical outcomes. First, forensic accounting skills have become crucial in untangling the complicated accounting manoeuvres that have obfuscated financial statements. Second, public demand for change and subsequent regulatory action has transformed corporate governance. Increasingly, company officers and directors are under ethical and legal scrutiny. Both trends have the common goal of responsibly addressing investors’ concerns about the financial reporting system. Indeed, there is a future in forensic accounting as a separate”niche” consulting area in India. The need to specialise, otherwise known as Niche Consulting, is imperative to practising accountants because the fast-paced developments in business thereby demand specialised knowledge and skills. While a majority of CAs have excellent analytical skills, they need to acknowledge that ‘forensic’ services require ’specialised’ training as well as real-life ‘practical’ corporate experience. There is a need for specialised information, not just audit and tax service. What clients seem to want are people with unique sets of skills and experiences. With the maturing of the audit business, and the rapid development of technology that makes existing services low cost and cheap, it appears that it is the right time now to acquire those unique skills. To help practitioners move into ‘niche’ consulting, some professional organisations in the US have concluded that: “Future success for the profession depends, in part, on how the public perceives the ability of CPAs. New efforts in consulting, specialisation and understanding global business practices and strategies are considered crucial. We go out into the niche market, examining our strengths first. We go where the action is, only then we know we can adequately service our clients and make money doing it.” One area where ‘niche’ consulting is becoming the global trend is in “Forensic Accounting and Auditing’ But the major question facing the Indian accountancy profession is: Are we ready to plunge to where the challenging action is?
Forensic Accounting In India:
It is in an infancy state in India.It is still an untrodden area in India.But due to ever increasing cases of bank & cyber-frauds its growing importance cannot be denied.
One immediate landmark creation is “Forensic Research Foundation”.They provide support for investigation of fraud.They publish one bi-monthly journal named as “White Crimes”.It relates to forensic and economic crimes. Another international organization named as KPNG has set up investigation detection centre in India.. Networks Limited, a Delhi based organization, working in the similar field, they are also trying to innovate ways and means to detect financial irregularities and crimes in India.Serious Investigation Fraud Offices(SIFO), has been established in India for the same reason, i.e. detection and prevention of economic irregularities and crimes. The need for such bodies and the importance of Forensic Accountants have been highlighted by L.N.Roy Committee.Lenin Parekh Committee has also expressed the view that one “fraud detection committee”need to be established. The main aim of such boards should be to prevent the interest of the stakeholders.
Conclusion:
Forensic accounting in India has come to limelight only recently due to rapid increase in white-collar crimes and the belief that our law enforcement agencies do not have sufficient expertise or the time needed to uncover frauds. A large global accounting firm believes the market is sufficiently large to support an independent unit devoted strictly to ‘forensic’ accounting. All of the larger accounting firms, as well as, many medium-sized and boutique firms have recently created forensic accounting departments.
Forensic accounting, in fact, integrates accounting, auditing, and investigative skills to conduct an examination into a company’s financial statements. Broad-based knowledge (within the themes listed above) is crucial to the success of entry-level forensic accountants. Because forensic accounting is relatively a new area of study, a series of working definitions and sharing of corporate experiences should be undertaken and encouraged to ensure a common understanding. Indeed, there is great future in forensic accounting as a separate”niche” consulting.
While the forensic accounting and auditing practice had commenced in the US as early as ‘1995, the seed of this specialisation has yet to take off in India. Forensic accountants are only dealing with financial implications of the cases entrusted to them and not engaging in auditing exercise. On account of global competition, the accounting profession must convince the marketplace that it has the “best-equipped” professionals to perform such services.
Forensic accountants are also increasingly playing more ‘proactive’ risk reduction roles by designing and performing extended procedures as part of the statutory audit, acting as advisors to audit committees, and assisting in investment analyst research.
While majority of CAs have excellent analytical skills, they need to acknowledge that ‘forensic’ services require ’specialised’ training as well as real-life ‘practical’ corporate experience.
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References: -
1)Journal Of Forensic Accounting: Editor-In Chief: Crumbley D. Larry, Publisher: Inc.Edwards. R.T.
2)Journal Of The Chartered Accountant 2007, Pages: 1000-1010.Dr. Madan Bhasin, The Author is Head, Accounting Department, Mazoon College, Muscat, Sultanate Of Oman.
3)Referential Notes Of Prof. Dutta Kr. Uttam, Reader Deaprtment Of Commerce, Reader, University Of Burdwan.
4)Website access: http://www.wikipedia.com, accessed on 4th, February, 2008.
Polar Watches Student Consolidation Loans Bicycle Light
January 11, 2012
Do you want to play college football? It is the dream of thousands of high school players every year to make it too the next level. There are over 306,000 senior high school football players every year. Of those only 17,500 on average will make it to the NCAA. That number includes all freshman from DI, DII and DIII. Less than 6% take the step and play in college. That number may seem low and it is.
The main reason high school players don’t play in college is simply because they don’t want to. That means if you have the desire and a little talent, you will be able to find a college to play football at.
If you just want to play in college, enjoy your social life and have a great overall experience, DIII is the place for you. Those football players who want to play in college and earn a scholarship are up against serious competition. There are 85 scholarships in NCAA DI, 63 in I-AA and 36 at DII colleges.
To compete for these and play college football you need to have a recruiting system that you are willing to put time and effort into. There is no easy way to play college football, you have to work. Those football players who put the same effort into their recruiting as they do on the field, as the ones who get invited to camp.
You can also walk-on at all NCAA football programs. What you want to be is called a “preferred walk-on.” This means you go through the recruiting process the same as you would when seeking a football scholarship. If you are not offered a scholarship by the college of your choice, you can ask to be a preferred walk-on and get invited to camp. You will have all the same privileges and access as a scholarship athlete does, but will be paying 100% until you become a contributing player.
Here are 5 quick tips to play college football:
Start the recruiting process early: While it is never too late to start technically, those football players who start before their Senior year have a much higher success rate.
Get good grades: Even though the NCAA Clearinghouse minimum can be met by anyone with a high school diploma, 50% of DI programs can’t get you past admissions without a 3.0 GPA.
Get great film: Make sure you get a copy of every game tape. Even if your coach films the games, give him a blank tape to make a copy. You will need these when making your personal recruiting packet.
Take the extra steps: Are you lifting extra during the off-season and in-season? Are you doing extra conditioning and speed work outside of practice? Putting in a few extra hours a week will show during games and is what separates scholarship from walk-on.
Communicate: Tell your high school coach you want to play in college. Call college coaches and tell them you want to play for their program. If college coaches don’t know about you and don’t know you are a player, they can’t recruit you.
To play college football you need to put in effort, both on and off the field. Off the field in the classroom and towards football recruiting. With a solid recruiting plan you can beat out the competition and find a great college football program to play at.
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